The spread and differences between al-Qaeda and Islamic State propaganda.

Daniele Garofalo Monitoring is registered with the Italian National ISSN Centre and the Centre for the Registration of Serial Publications (CIEPS) in Paris.

ISSN (International Standard Serial Number): 3103-3520

ORCID Code: 0009-0006-5289-2874

Objectives of the analysis: to analyse the differences in the use of web platforms and messaging apps by al-Qaeda and Islamic State.

Sources and methodology: direct monitoring, study and analysis by the author of the apps and platforms used by the two Salafi-jihadist organisations mentioned above.

Verification and limitations: this analysis of propaganda does not require any verification and has no limitations, as it is based exclusively on direct evaluation of the apps and platforms used by AQ and IS.

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For years, jihadist organisations have exploited the internet, social media, and messaging apps to spread their ideology and propaganda, both locally and globally. The rapid evolution of digital technologies has transformed the dynamics of mobilisation, recruitment, and radical participation. Regardless of whether jihadist groups conduct physical jihadist operations, the internet, apps, and social media help them not only to survive but also to grow. Jihadist propaganda can be available online for months and even years, and older sources remain useful and are often reused. Jihadist terrorist groups understand the importance of online communication networks and therefore exploit them extensively. Their propaganda includes various types of material, including photos, videos, podcasts, magazines, and books. The two most active organisations online are undoubtedly al-Qaeda and the Islamic State, which over the years have adapted to counterterrorism measures online, showing remarkable resilience. This analysis aims to show the differences in approach to countering them and their ability to continue spreading their propaganda on major apps and platforms.

AQ vs IS

When monitoring jihadist organisations’ propaganda, if we examine the last 12 to 18 months of online activity, we can see a difference in their approach and use of applications and in their response to the closure of channels and bots.